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AIC1638 1-cell, 3-pin, s t ep-up dc/dc converter a n alog integrations corporation si-sof t research center ds-1638p-05 010405 3a1, no.1, li-hsin rd. i , science park , hsinchu 300, t a iw an , r.o.c. tel: 886-3-5772500 f ax: 886-3- 5772 510 www .analog.com .tw 1 features description a guaranteed s t art-up from less than 0.9 v . high ef ficiency . low quiescent current. less number of external component s needed. low ripple and low noise. fixed outp ut v o lt age: 2.7 v , 3.0v , 3.3v , 4.5v and 5v . s p a c e savin g packag es: sot - 23, s o t - 89 an d t o -92. applications pagers. cameras. wireless microphones. pocket organizers. battery backup suppliers. port able instrument s. the aic163 8 is a high ef f i cien cy st ep- u p dc/ d c conve r ter fo r appli c ation s usin g 1 to 4 nim h battery cell s. only three external comp o nent s are req u ire d to deliver a fixed output volt age of 2.7v , 3.0v , 3.3v , 4.5v or 5v . the aic16 38 st a r t s u p from less than 0.9v input with 1ma load. pulse freq uen cy modulatio n scheme bri n g s optimized perfo rma n ce for ap plica t ions with li ght output loadin g and l o w inp u t volt age s. the ou tput rippl e and noi se a r e lo wer com p a r ed with t he circuit s operating in psm mode. the pfm control ci rcuit operatin g in 100khz (max . ) swit c h ing rat e re s u lt s in sm all e r p a ssiv e com pon ent s. the sp ace saving sot - 23, sot - 8 9 and t o -92 p a ckag es ma ke the aic163 8 an ideal choi ce of dc/dc co nverter for sp a c e con sci ou s appli c ation s , like p a gers, electroni c cam e ra s, and wireless microphones. typical application circuit d1 gs ss12 vout sw gnd a i c 1 6 38-27 a i c 1 6 38-30 a i c 1 6 38-33 a i c 1 6 38-45 a i c 1 6 38-50 c2 47 f + v out l1 100 h v in + c1 22 f one cell step-up dc/dc conv erter
AIC1638 ? ordering information pac ki n g t y pe t r : t a p e & r eel bg : bag pac kag e t y pe x : s o t - 89 z: t o - 92 u : s o t - 23 c: co m m e r c i a l p : lead f r ee c o m m er ci a l o u t p u t vo l t ag e 27: 2. 7v 30: 3. 0v 33: 3. 3v 45: 4. 5v 50: 5. 0v a i c 1 638- x x x x xx e x a m pl e: a i c 1 638- 27c x t r ? 2. 7 v v e r s i on, i n s o t - 89 p a ck a ge & t ape & r eel p a c k i n g t y pe a i c 1 638- 27p x t r ? 2. 7 v v e r s i on, i n s o t - 89 le ad f r e e p a c k age & t ape & r eel p a c k i n g t y p e to - 9 2 t o p vi ew 1 : g nd 2: v o u t 3: s w 1 2 3 12 3 so t - 8 9 t o p vi ew 1 : g nd 2: v o u t 3: s w pi n co nf i g u r at i o n so t - 2 3 t o p vi ew 1 : g nd 2: s w 3: v o u t 1 3 2 z sot - 23 marking part no. c u p u a i c 1 6 3 8 - 2 7 d a 2 7 d a 2 7 p a i c 1 6 3 8 - 3 0 d a 3 0 d a 3 0 p a i c 1 6 3 8 - 3 3 d a 3 3 d a 3 3 p a i c 1 6 3 8 - 4 5 d a 4 5 d a 4 5 p a i c 1 6 3 8 - 5 0 d a 5 0 d a 5 0 p z sot - 89 marking part no. c x p x a i c 1 6 3 8 - 2 7 x x a n 2 7 a n 2 7 p a i c 1 6 3 8 - 3 0 x x a n 3 0 a n 3 0 p a i c 1 6 3 8 - 3 3 x x a n 3 3 a n 3 3 p a i c 1 6 3 8 - 4 5 x x a n 4 5 a n 4 5 p a i c 1 6 3 8 - 5 0 x x a n 5 0 a n 5 0 p 2
AIC1638 ? absoluate maximum ratings supply v o lt ag e (vout pin) .6v sw pin v o lt a g e 6v sw pin switch cu rre nt 0.6a ope r ating t e mperature ra nge -40 c to 85 c maximum ju nction t e m p e r ature 125 c s t orage t e m perature ran g e -65 c to 150 c lead t e m perature (s olde ri ng 10 se c.) 260 c absolute m aximum ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. ? test circuit d1 g s ss1 2 vo u t sw gn d a i c 1 638- 27 a i c 1 638- 30 a i c 1 638- 33 a i c 1638 -45 a i c 1 638- 50 c2 47 f + v ou t l1 100 h v in + c1 22 f i in fig. 1 t est circuit 1 v s v sw a i c1638 vo u t sw gn d i s v s f os c a i c1638 vo u t sw 10 0 gn d fig. 2 t est circuit 2 fig. 3 t est circuit 3 3
AIC1638 ? electrical characteristics (t a =25 c, i o u t =10ma, unless otherw i se specified) (note1) p a r a m e t e r t e s t c o n d i t i o n s test ckt symbo l m i n . t y p . max. unit output v o lt age AIC1638-27 v in =1. 8 v AIC1638-30 v in =1. 8 v AIC1638-33 v in =2. 0 v AIC1638-45 v in =3. 0 v AIC1638-50 v in =3. 0 v 1 v out 2.633 2.925 3.218 4.387 4.875 2.700 3.000 3.300 4.500 5.000 2.767 3.075 3.382 4.613 5.125 v input v o lt age normal operation 1 v in 6 v s t art-up v o lt age i out =1ma , v in :0 2 v 1 v st ar t 0 . 8 0 . 9 v min. hold-on v o lt age i out =1ma , v in :2 0 v 1 v hold 0 . 7 v no-load input current i out =0ma 1 i in 1 5 a supply current AIC1638-27 AIC1638-30 AIC1638-33 AIC1638-45 AIC1638-50 v s =v out x 0.95 measurement of the ic input current (vout pin) 2 i s1 42 50 60 70 90 a supply current AIC1638-27 AIC1638-30 AIC1638-33 AIC1638-45 AIC1638-50 v s =v out + 0.5v measurement of the ic input current (vout pin) 2 i s2 7 7 7 7 7 a sw leakage current v sw =6v , v s =v out + 0.5v 2 0 . 5 a sw switc h -on resist ance AIC1638-27 AIC1638-30 AIC1638-33 AIC1638-45 AIC1638-50 v s =v out x 0.95, v sw =0. 4 v 2 r on 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 1 ? 4
AIC1638 ? electrical characteristics (continued) p a r a m e t e r t e s t c o n d i t i o n s test ckt symbo l m i n . t y p . max. unit oscillator duty cycle v s =v out x 0.95 measurement of the sw pin waveform 3 d u t y 6 5 7 5 8 5 % max. oscillator freq. v s =v out x 0.95 measurement of the sw pin waveform 3 f os c 8 0 1 0 5 1 3 0 khz ef f i c i e n c y 1 8 5 % not e 1 : spe c ificatio ns are produ ction tested at t a =25 c. spe c ificatio ns ov er the -40 c to 85 c op eratin g temperature ran ge a r e a s sured by d e sig n , ch ara c teri zatio n a nd correlatio n with statistical qu ality controls (sqc). ? typical performance characteristics (refer to t y pical application) cap a c i tor (c2) : 47 f (t ant alum t y pe) diode (d1) : 1n5819 schottky t y pe fi g . 4 a i c16 3 8 - 27 lo ad reg u lat i on (l = 1 0 0 h cd54) 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 18 0 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 v in =2 . 0v v in =1 . 8 v v in =1. 5 v v in =1 .2v v in =0 . 9 v o u t put v o lt a ge ( v ) o u tp ut curr ent (m a) fi g . 5 ai c16 38- 27 eff i c i enc y ( l = 1 0 0 h cd54 ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 12 0 14 0 160 18 0 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 v in =2.0v v in =1 . 8 v v in =1 . 5 v v in =1.2v v in =0.9v e f fi ci e n c y (%) ou tp ut cu rren t (ma ) 5 fig . 6 a i c163 8- 27 l oad reg u la t i on ( l= 4 7 h cd54) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 18 0 20 0 22 0 24 0 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 v in =2 .0v v in =1 . 8 v v in =1 .5v v in =1.2v v in =0.9 v o u tp ut v o l t ag e (v ) ou t p ut cur r ent ( ma ) 240 85 fi g . 7 aic 1 6 38-27 eff i ci en cy ( l =47 h c d 54 ) ef f i cie n cy ( % ) outp ut cu r r ent (m a ) 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 120 140 160 18 0 20 0 220 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 v in =2.0v v in =1.8v v in =1 . 5 v v in =1.2v v in =0.9v
AIC1638 ? typical performance characteristics (continued) fi g . 8 aic 163 8- 2 7 s t ar t-up & h o l d - o n v o l t ag e ( l =47 h cd 54 ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 s t art up hold on inp u t v o l t a g e ( v ) out p u t cu r r ent ( ma ) f i g . 9 ai c1 638 - 2 7 s t art - up & hold-on v o ltag e (l =10 0 h c d 54) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 s t ar t up hold on i nput v o lt age ( v ) out p ut cu r r e nt ( ma ) f i g . 1 0 ai c1 638 - 2 7 o u t p u t v o l t ag e v s . t e mp er a t ur e o u tp ut v o lt ag e ( v ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 2. 60 2. 62 2. 64 2. 66 2. 68 2. 70 2. 72 2. 74 2. 76 2. 78 2. 80 fig . 1 1 ai c16 3 8 -27 sw itching freque ncy v s . t e m p e r at ure swit c h i ng fr equen c y ( k h z ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 - 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 40 60 80 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 f i g . 12 ai c 1 6 38- 27 m a x i mu m d u ty c y c l e v s . t e m per at ur e ma ximum du ty cycle (% ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 70 72 74 76 78 80 fig . 1 3 ai c1 63 8-2 7 sw t u rn on re s i st an ce v s . t e m p e r atu r e sw t u r n o n res i s t anc e ( ? ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8 6
AIC1638 ? typical performance characteristics (continued) f i g . 14 ai c 1 6 3 8 - 27 su pp ly c u r r e n t v s . t e mp er at ur e su ppl y c u r r ent ( a) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130 140 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 v in =2 .0 v v in =1 .8 v v in =1.5v v in =1.2v v in =0.9v f i g . 15 AIC1638- 30 load reg u l a ti on (l= 100 h, cd 54) o u t put volt age v out (v ) output c u rre nt (ma) 0 20 40 60 80 100 12 0 140 160 18 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 v in = 2.0 v in = 1. 8v v in = 1.5 v v in = 1. 2v v in = 0.9 v fig . 16 aic163 8-30 ef f i c i en c y ( l =10 0 h, cd54) e f fi ci e n cy (%) o u tp u t c u r r e n t ( m a ) f i g . 17 a i c 163 8- 30 load r e g u l a ti o n ( l = 4 7 h cd 54 ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 14 0 16 0 180 200 22 0 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 3. 0 3. 1 v in =2 . 0 v v in =1 . 8 v v in =1 . 5 v v in =1 . 2 v v in =0 . 9 v o u t put v o lt age (v) ou tpu t c u rren t (ma ) 22 5 fi g . 18 AIC1638- 30 ef fi ci ency ( l =47 h cd5 4 ) 0 25 50 75 10 0 12 5 15 0 17 5 20 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 v in =2 .0v v in =1 . 8 v v in =1. 5 v v in =1 .2 v v in =0 . 9 v e f fic i en cy ( % ) ou t p u t c u rre nt (m a) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 0. 9 1. 0 fig . 19 aic16 3 8 -30 s t art-u p & hold - o n v o lt age ( l =1 00 h c d 54) s t art up hold on i nput v o l t age ( v ) ou tp ut cu rr e n t (m a) 7
AIC1638 ? typical performance characteristics (continued) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 0. 9 1. 0 f i g . 20 ai c 163 8- 3 0 s t ar t - u p & ho l d - o n v o l t a g e ( l = 4 7 h c d 54 ) s t art up ho ld o n in put v o l t a ge ( v ) o u t p u t c u r r en t ( m a ) f i g . 2 1 ai c1 638 - 3 0 o u t p u t v o l t ag e v s . t e mp er a t ur e o u tp ut v o lt ag e ( v ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 2. 9 0 2. 9 2 2. 9 4 2. 9 6 2. 9 8 3. 0 0 3. 0 2 3. 0 4 3. 0 6 3. 0 8 3. 1 0 no l oad fig . 22 aic16 3 8 - 30 sw itching freque ncy v s . t e m p e r atu r e swit c h i ng fr equen c y ( k h z ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 - 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 40 60 80 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 f i g . 23 ai c 1 6 38- 30 m a x i mu m d u ty c y c l e v s . t e m per at ur e ma ximum du ty cycle (% ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 70 72 74 76 78 80 fi g . 2 4 ai c1 63 8-3 0 sw t u rn on re s i st an ce v s . t e m p e r atu r e sw t u r n o n res i s t anc e ( ? ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8 f i g . 25 ai c 1 6 3 8 - 30 su pp l y c u r r e n t v s . t e mp er at ur e su ppl y c u r r ent ( a) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 8
AIC1638 ? typical performance characteristics (continued) 0 25 50 75 10 0 12 5 15 0 17 5 20 0 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 3. 0 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 v in = 2. 0 v v in = 1.8 v v in = 1.5 v v in = 1.2 v v in = 0. 9 v fi g . 2 6 aic1 63 8-3 3 lo ad reg u lation (l =10 0 h, cd 54 ) o u t put v o l t age ( v ) o u tp u t cu rren t (m a) 0 25 50 75 10 0 12 5 15 0 175 20 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 v in =2 .0 v v in = 1. 8 v v in = 1.5 v v in = 1. 2 v v in = 0. 9v f i g . 2 7 ai c1 63 8- 3 3 ef f i c i enc y ( l = 1 00 h, cd5 4 ) ef f i cie n cy (%) o u t p u t c u r r en t ( m a ) 0 25 50 75 10 0 12 5 15 0 17 5 20 0 22 5 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 3. 0 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 f i g . 28 ai c1 63 8- 3 3 lo ad r e g u l a t i on ( l = 4 7 h, cd5 4 ) v in = 2. 0 v v in = 1.8 v v in = 1. 5 v v in = 1.2 v v in = 0. 9v o u t put v o l t age ( v ) out p u t curren t ( m a) 0 25 50 75 10 0 12 5 15 0 17 5 20 0 22 5 25 0 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 v in = 2. 0 v v in = 1.8 v v in = 1.5 v v in = 1.2 v v in = 0.9 v f i g . 29 ai c 1 6 38- 33 ef fi c i en c y ( l = 4 7 h, cd5 4) ef f i cie n cy (%) out p u t curren t (m a ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 f i g . 3 0 aic 1 638 - 3 3 s t a r t - up & h o l d - on v o l t ag e ( l = 1 0 0 h c d 54) st a r t u p hold on i nput v o lt age ( v ) ou tp ut cu rr e n t (m a ) f i g . 3 1 aic 1 638 - 3 3 o u t p u t v o l t ag e v s . t e mp er a t ur e ou tpu t v o lt age v out ( v ) t e mp er at ur e ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 3. 00 3. 05 3. 10 3. 15 3. 20 3. 25 3. 30 3. 35 3. 40 3. 45 3. 50 no loa d 9
AIC1638 ? typical performance characteristics (continued) fig . 32 aic16 3 8 - 33 sw itching freque ncy v s . t e m p e r atu r e swit c h i ng fr equen c y ( k h z ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 - 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 40 60 80 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 f i g . 33 ai c 1 6 38- 33 m a x i mu m d u ty c y c l e v s . t e m per at ur e ma ximum du ty cycle (% ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 70 72 74 76 78 80 fi g . 3 4 ai c1 63 8-3 3 sw t u rn on re s i st an ce v s . t e m p e r atu r e sw t u r n o n res i s t anc e ( ? ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8 f i g . 35 ai c 163 8- 3 3 su ppl y c u r r en t v s . t e mp er a t u r e suppl y c u r r e n t i dd1 ( a) te m p e r at ure ( c ) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 fi g. 3 6 aic1 6 3 8 - 45 l o a d regulat i o n ( l =1 00 h) ou t p ut v o l t a g e ( v ) o u t p ut c u r r en t ( m a) 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 30 0 35 0 400 2. 2 2. 4 2. 6 2. 8 3. 0 3. 2 3. 4 3. 6 3. 8 4. 0 4. 2 4. 4 4. 6 v in =3 .0 v v in =1. 5 v v in =2 .0 v v in =1 .2 v v in =0 .9 v f i g . 3 7 aic 1 638 - 4 5 ef f i c i e n c y ( l = 1 00 h) ef fici e n cy (%) ou tpu t curre nt ( m a ) 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 30 0 350 400 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 v in =3. 0 v v in =1. 5 v v in =2 .0 v v in =1 . 2 v v in =0 .9 v 10
AIC1638 ? typical performance characteristics (continued) fi g. 3 8 aic1 6 3 8 - 45 l o a d regulat i o n ( l =1 00 h) ou t p ut v o l t a g e ( v ) o u t p ut c u r r en t ( m a) 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 30 0 35 0 400 2. 2 2. 4 2. 6 2. 8 3. 0 3. 2 3. 4 3. 6 3. 8 4. 0 4. 2 4. 4 4. 6 v in =3 .0 v v in =1. 5 v v in =2 .0 v v in =1 .2 v v in =0 .9 v f i g . 3 9 aic 1 638 - 4 5 s t a r t - up & h o l d - o n v o l t ag e ( l = 1 00 h) inp u t v o l t ag e ( v ) ou tpu t curre nt ( m a ) 0 5 10 15 20 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 ho ld on st a r t u p f i g . 4 0 ai c1 63 8- 4 5 o u t p u t v o l t ag e v s . t e mp er at ur e ou t p ut v o l t a g e ( v ) t e m p e r at ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 no lo ad fig . 41 ai c1 63 8-4 5 su pp ly curren t v s . t e m p era t u r e suppl y c u r r e n t ( a) te m p e r at ure ( c ) -40 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 fig . 42 aic16 3 8 - 45 sw itching freque ncy v s . t e m p e r atu r e swit c h i ng fr equen c y ( k h z ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 - 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 40 60 80 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 f i g . 43 ai c 1 6 38- 45 m a x i mu m d u ty c y c l e v s . t e m per at ur e ma ximum du ty cycle (% ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 70 72 74 76 78 80 11
AIC1638 ? typical performance characteristics (continued) fi g . 4 4 ai c1 63 8-4 5 sw t u rn on re s i st an ce v s . t e m p e r atu r e sw t u r n o n res i s t anc e ( ? ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8 0 50 100 15 0 20 0 25 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 1. 5 2. 0 2. 5 3. 0 3. 5 4. 0 4. 5 5. 0 5. 5 v in = 1. 2 v v in = 3. 0 v v in = 2. 0 v v in = 1. 5 v v in = 0.9 v f i g . 45 ai c1 63 8-5 0 lo ad re g u l a tion ( l = 1 0 0 h c d 54) ou tpu t v o l t age ( v ) ou tpu t curre nt (ma ) 0 50 10 0 150 20 0 25 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 v in =1 . 2 v f i g . 4 6 ai c1 63 8- 5 0 ef f i c i enc y ( l = 1 00 h cd5 4) v in =3 .0v v in =2 . 0 v v in =1 . 5 v v in =0 . 9 v ef fici e n cy (%) o u t put cu r r e nt ( m a) 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 1. 5 2. 0 2. 5 3. 0 3. 5 4. 0 4. 5 5. 0 5. 5 f i g . 47 ai c1 63 8- 5 0 lo ad r e g u l a ti on ( l = 4 7 h cd5 4) v in = 1.2 v v in = 3. 0 v v in = 2.0 v v in = 1.5 v v in = 0. 9 v o u tp ut v o lt ag e ( v ) ou tp ut cu rr e n t (m a) 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 f i g . 48 ai c 163 8- 50 ef fi c i en c y ( l = 4 7 h cd5 4) e f f i cie n cy (%) out p u t curren t ( m a) v in =1 .2 v v in =3 .0 v v in =2. 0 v v in =1 . 5 v v in =0 .9v 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 fig . 49 ai c 163 8-50 s t art - up & h o ld- on v o lt a g e (l= 100 h cd 5 0 ) i nput v o lt age ( v ) o u t p ut c u r r en t ( m a) st a r t u p ho ld on 12
AIC1638 ? typical performance characteristics (continued) fig . 50 ai c16 3 8-5 0 ou tp u t v o lt a g e v s . t e m p e rat ure o u t p ut v o l t age v ou t (v) t e m per at ur e ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 no loa d f i g . 51 ai c 163 8- 50 sw i t c h i n g f r eq ue nc y v s . t e m per at ur e swit c h i ng fr equen c y ( k h z ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 - 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 40 60 80 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 f i g . 52 ai c 1 6 38- 50 m a x i mu m d u ty c y c l e v s . t e m per at ur e ma ximum du ty cycle (% ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 70 72 74 76 78 80 fi g . 5 3 ai c1 63 8-5 0 sw t u rn on re s i st an ce v s . t e m p e r atu r e sw t u r n o n res i s t anc e ( ? ) t e m p erat ure ( c) -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 fi g . 5 4 a i c 1 6 3 8 - 50 s upp l y cu r r e n t v s . t e m per at ur e supp ly cur r e nt i dd 1 ( a) t e mp er at ur e ( c) v ou t 50m v/div 100m a load s t ep 50m a / div fig. 55 load t r ansient response (l 1 =100 h, c 2 =47 f, v in =2v) 13
AIC1638 ? typical performance characteristics (continued) v ou t 20 m v /di v v in 0.5 v /di v fig. 56 line t r ansient response (l 1 =100 h, c 2 =47 f) ? block diagram + gn d vo u t sw 1. 25v re f . 1m e nabl e - o s c, 100k hz ? pin descriptions pin 1 : gnd - ground. must be low impedance; solder directly to ground plane. pin 2 : vout - ic supply pin. connect vout to the converter output. pin 3 : sw - internal drain of n-mosfet swit ch. 14
AIC1638 ? application information general description aic163 8 pfm (pul se frequen cy modulation ) conve r ter i c s com b ine s a swit ch m ode conve r ter, n-ch ann el p o we r mosf et, preci s io n voltage referen c e, a nd voltage detecto r i n a si ngl e monolithi c d e vice. they offer both e x treme low quie s cent cu rre nt, high e fficiency, an d very low gate thre shol d voltage to ensure start-up with lo w battery voltage (0.8v typ.). desi gne d to maximize battery life in porta ble p r od uct s , and minimize swit chin g losse s by only switching a s nee de d service the load. pfm convert e rs transfe r a discrete a m ount of ene rgy pe r cycle an d re g u late the out put voltage by modulati ng switchi n g frequen cy with the con s tant turn-o n time. switching frequen cy depe nd s on load, input voltage, an d indu ctor value, and it can rang e up to 100khz. the sw on-re sista n ce is typically 1 to 1.5 ? to minimize swit ch losses. whe n the output voltage dro p s, the error com parator enabl es 10 0 k hz oscillato r that turns on the mosf et aro und 7. 5 s and 2.5 s off time. turni ng on th e mosfet allows indu ctor current to ramp up, sto r ing en ergy in a magn etic f i eld. wh en mosfet turns off that force i ndu ctor cu rre nt throu gh diod e to the output capa citor a nd load. as the stored e nergy is dep le ted, the cu rre nt ram p down until the diode turn s off. at this point, indu ctor may ring du e to residu al ene rgy and stray cap a cita nce. the output cap a cito r sto r e s cha r g e whe n cu rrent flowing throu gh the diod e is high, an d rele ase it wh en cu rrent is low, thereby maintaini n g a steady voltage across the load. as the loa d increa se s, the output capa cito r discha rg es fa ster and th e error co mpa r ator initiate s cycle s soo n e r , increa sin g the switchi n g freque ncy. the maximu m duty cycle ensure adeq uate time for ene rgy tran sf er to o u tput duri ng the seco nd h a lf each cycle. dep endi ng o n circuit, pf m converte r can op erate in either discontin uou s mode or contin uou s con d u c tio n mod e . contin uo us con d u c tion m ode mea n s t hat the inductor cu rre nt does not ramp to zero during each cycle. + v in sw v ou t ext i d i ou t isw ic o i in a i c 1 638 i pk i in v ex t i sw i ou t t di s c harg e co. v sw discharge c o . i d t discontinuous conduction mode 15
AIC1638 i pk i in v ex t i sw i out v sw i d t i v )] v v v v v ( 2 x [1 ) v v (v v v v t 1 fsw sw d out sw in sw d out in d out on u ? 1 ? # sw d out in d out on v v v v v v t 1 whe r e v s w = switch drop an d pro portio n to output current. induct or selection to op erate as a n eff i cient e n e r g y transfe r element, the inductor must ful f ill three req u ire m ent s. first, the inducta nce mu st be lo w enou gh for th e indu ctor to store adeq ua te energy unde r the wo rst-ca se con d i tion of minimum input voltage an d swit ch o n time. second, the indu ctan ce must also be high en ough so maximum current rating of aic163 8 an d indu cto r are not exce ed at the other wo rst-case conditio n of maximum input voltage and o n tim e . lastly, the indu ctor must have sufficiently low dc re sist a n c e s o ex ce s s iv e p o we r i s n o t lo st a s he at in the wi ndi n g s. but unfo r t unately this is inversely relat ed t o phy sical size. continuous conduction mode at the bou nda ry between contin u ous and discontin uou s mode, output current (i ob ) i s determined by x 1 t l v 2 1 v v v i on in d out in ob ? 1 ? where v d is the diode drop, minimum an d maximum input volta ge, output voltage and output cu rren t must be establish e d before and inductor can be selected. x = ( r on +rs)ton/l. r on = s w it ch t u rn on re sist a n ce, rs = i n d u ct o r d c resistance in discontin u ous mod e o peration, at the en d of the switch o n time, pea k curre n t and ene rgy in the inductor build according to t on = switc h on time in the discontin uou s mode, the switchi n g frequency (fsw) is ? 1 ? ? 1 ? ton) l rs ron exp( 1 rs ron vin i pk ) x (1 2 t 2 v ) )(i v v 2(l)(v fsw on in out in d out u ? 1 ? ? 1 ? # 2 x 1 t l v on in in the contin uou s mode, the switchi ng frequ en cy is on in t l v # (simple losses equation), where x=(r on +r s )t on /l 16
AIC1638 2 i l 2 1 el pk u ? 1 ? ? 1 ? ? 1 ? 2 x 1 t 2l v v i 2 x v v v v v i on sw in out sw in sw d out pk powe r requi red from the i ndu ctor per cycle mu st be equal or greater than ) f 1 )( )(i vi v (v /f p sw out n d out sw l valley current (iv) is ? 1 ? u ? 1 ? ? 1 ? 2 x 1 t 2l v v i 2 x v v v v v iv on sw in out sw in sw d out in order for the converter to regulate the output. whe n loadi ng is over i ob , pfm converte r ope rate s in continu o u s mode. inducto r pea k current can be derived from table 1 indicates resistance and height for each coil. pow e r inductor ty pe inductance ( p h ) resistance ( : ) rated current (a) height ( mm) 2 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 7 4 7 0 . 1 8 0 . 5 ds1608 1 0 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 3 2.9 2 2 0 . 0 8 2 . 7 coilcraft smt type (www.coilcraft.com) do3316 4 7 0 . 1 4 1 . 8 5.2 47 0.25 0.7 sumida smt type cd54 100 0.50 0.5 4.5 47 0.25 0.7 hold smt type pm54 1 0 0 0 . 5 0 0 . 5 4.5 hold smt type pm75 33 0.11 1.2 5.0 capacitor selection a poor ch oice for a o u tput cap a cito r ca n re sult in poo r efficie n c y and high output ri pple. ordi nary alumin um el ectrolyze r s, while in expe nsive may have un acce ptably poo r e s r an d esl. there a r e low esr alu m inum ca pa citors for swi t ch mode dc - dc co nv erter s whi c h wo rk mu ch better tha n gene ral p r o pose unit. tantalum cap a cito rs provid e still better pe rform a n c e at more expen sive. o s -co n capa citors have extremely low esr in a small size. if capa citance is reduced, output ripple will increase. most of the input su pply is su pplie d by the inpu t bypass cap a c itor, the ca pacito r volta ge ratin g sho u ld be at least 1.25 times gre a te r than a maximum input voltage. diode selection speed, forwa r d dro p , and leakage curre n t are the three mai n consi d e r ation s in sele cting a re ctifier diode. be st perfo rma n ce is obtain ed wit h schottky re ctifier dio d e , such as 1n5 819. motorol a makes mb r0530 in surface m ount. for lowe r outp u t powe r a 1 n 41 48 can be used althoug h efficiency a nd sta r t-up volta ge will suffer substantially. 17
AIC1638 18 component power dissipation ope r ating in discontin uou s mode, po we r loss in the windin g resi stan ce of inducto r can be approximate equal to () () out out d out on l p v v v rs l t 3 2 pd ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? = where p out =v out i out ; rs=inductor dc r; v d = diode drop. the power dissipated in a switch loss is () () out out in d out on on p v v v v r l t 3 2 pdsw ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? = the power dissipated in rectifier diode is ) (p v v pd out out d d ? ? ? ? ? ? = physical dimension (unit: mm) sot - 23 0 0. 9 0 0. 3 0 1.50 2.6 0 2.8 0 0. 0 8 0. 3 0 0. 0 5 e l1 l e1 c e e1 d b a2 a1 0 . 95 bsc 8 0.6 0 1.90 bsc 0. 60 ref 1. 3 0 1. 7 0 3. 00 3. 00 0.2 2 0.5 0 0.1 5 c a a2 b with pl a t in g view b 0. 9 5 mi n. s y m b o l a 1 .45 max. so t- 2 3 m i ll i m et er s e
AIC1638 a c e1 e z sot - 89 z t o -92 b 0.89 3.94 l h 1.20 4.2 mi ll i m et e r s to -92 max. 5.33 a s y m b o l mi n . 4.32 0.47 4. 1 9 2. 6 6 1. 3 9 5.20 2. 6 6 b d e e1 l j e s 0. 3 6 3. 1 8 2.42 1. 1 5 3. 4 3 12 . 7 0 4.45 2.03 b1 d d1 h e l 0.36 2.29 1.50 4.40 0.35 0.44 e1 d e e d1 c b1 b 3.0 0 b s c 5 0.48 2.60 1.83 4.6 0 0.44 0.56 1.50 bsc 1.40 min. s y m b o l a 1.60 ma x. sot-8 9 mi llim e ters 19
AIC1638 20 note: information provided by aic is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, we cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodi ed in an aic product; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of thir d parties that may result from its use. we reserve the right to change the circuitry and spec ifications without notice. life support policy: aic does not authorize any aic product for us e in life support devices and/or systems. life support device s or systems are devices or systems which, (i) are intended for surg ical implant into the body or (ii) support or sustain life, a nd whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonabl y expected to result in a significant injury to the user.

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